Arrestins in the cardiovascular system.

摘要: Of the four mammalian arrestins, only β-arrestins (βarrs; Arrestin2 and -3) are expressed throughout cardiovascular system, where they regulate, as either desensitizers/internalizers or signal transducers, several G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) critical for homeostasis. The roles of βarrs have been delineated at an accelerated pace via a variety techniques tools, such knockout mice, siRNA knockdown, artificial naturally occurring polymorphic GPCRs, availability new βarr “biased” GPCR ligands. This chapter summarizes current knowledge arrestin physiology pharmacology, addressing individual affected by in vivo, well cell types, tissues, organs system which effects exerted; example, cardiac myocyte fibroblast, vascular smooth muscle, adrenal gland platelet. In broader scope discussion “bias” certain ligands is also included.