The interpretation of ionospheric radio drift measurements—VI. Angle-of-arrival and group path [echolocation] measurements from digitized ionospheric soundings: The group path vector

摘要: Abstract Some interpretive procedures for high resolution ionospheric radio echo phase measurements at spaced antennas and frequencies are described applied. Graphical representations of the range group range, both derived from measurements, shown in forms which facilitate their interpretation terms motions changes occurring below reflection level. A particular application these results is estimation level fading imposed on reflected echo. procedure given calculating direction arrival group-path simultaneously (i.e. vector) an echo, digitized recording complex amplitude receiving frequencies. Use four or more two frequencies, as ‘Kinesonde’, permits solution problem by least-squares; this yields turn a test plane-wave assumption calculation confidence limits results. Weighted differences between channel pairs obtained time-averaged crosscorrelation, thus increasing accuracy analysis. Examples applications diagnostics (particularly defining imposed) tracking discrete objects such cesium ion clouds released rockets. The correlation analysis employed previously series papers to study motions, give consistent with large-scale cloud deduced echolocation calculations.