The European Union at Work? The European Employment Strategy from Crisis to Crisis*

摘要: The European Employment Strategy (EES) emerged in the early 1990s under influence of an acute rise unemployment and introduction economic monetary union (EMU). Its purpose is to foster convergence towards lower higher employment. This article considers these outcomes over a longer time frame broader geographical context than previous studies have done. Overall, EU-15 improved converged since EES. Comparisons suggest that developments do not merely reflect long-term or international trends. recent crisis, with deteriorating divergent outcomes, might signal start new EES cycle.