Signals of climate, conspecific density, and watershed features in patterns of homing and dispersal by Pacific salmon.

摘要: It is widely assumed that rates of dispersal in animal populations are plastic response to intrinsic and extrinsic cues, yet the factors influencing this plasticity rarely known. This knowledge gap surprising given important role facilitating range shifts may allow persist a rapidly changing global climate. We used two decades tagging recapture data from 19 hatchery Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon) Columbia River, USA, quantify effects regional local climate conditions, density dependence, watershed features such as area position on landscape, direct anthropogenic influence by adult salmon during breeding season. found probability dispersal, termed "straying" salmon, in'response multiple showed varied responses were largely idiosyncratic. A index (Pacific Decadal Oscillation), water temperatures mainstem River was commonly experience migration, subbasins unique each population season, migration distance, dependence had strongest dispersal. Patterns experienced conditions consistent with gene environment interactions, though we tentative about interpretation domesticated history these populations. Overall, our results warn against attempts predict future migratory species without considering population-specific plasticity, also caution use few infer species-level patterns. Ultimately, provide evidence analyses examine single be misleading.