Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Is Required for Spatial Learning and Memory in Male Mice under Physiological, but Not Immune-Challenged Conditions.

摘要: Increasing evidence demonstrates that inflammatory cytokines—such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)—are produced at low levels in the brain under physiological conditions and may be crucial for synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, learning memory. Here, we examined effects of developmental TNF deletion on spatial memory using 11–13-month-old knockout (KO) C57BL6/J wild-type (WT) mice. The animals were tested Barnes maze (BM) arena baseline 48 h following an injection endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which was administered a dose 0.5 mg/kg. Vehicle-treated KO mice impaired compared to WT during acquisition memory-probing phases BM test. No behavioral differences observed between TNF-KO after LPS treatment. Moreover, there no hippocampal content glutamate noradrenaline groups. male, but not female mice, different conditions. These results indicate is required male physiological, non-inflammatory conditions, however administration LPS. Inflammatory signalling can thereby modulate cognition subjects, highlighting importance sex- probably age-stratified analysis when examining role brain.