Contribution de la paléogénétique et de la paléogénomique à l’étude des sites archéologiques

作者: Céline Bon

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摘要: La Paleogenetique a pour but l’analyse de l’ADN pieces archeologiques, et le renouveau cette discipline tend integrer une dimension genomique par sequencage massif des specimens les mieux preserves. Les grottes, dont la temperature reste fraiche constante, permettent conservation l’ADN. Nous avons analyse echantillons du Pleistocene conserves dans un site archeologique majeur, Grotte Chauvet. L’etude porte sur deux especes, l’ours cavernes, Ursus spelaeus l’hyene Crocuta crocuta spelaea.A partir d’un echantillon particulierement bien conserve Chauvet, nous sequence genome mitochondrial cavernes etabli phylogenie espece eteinte. montre que est proche ours bruns polaires elle s’est separee il y 1,6 million d’annees. ensuite region controle plusieurs Grottes Chauvet Deux-Ouvertures dates 28 000 32 ans. forte homogeneite genetique population ardechoise pourrait etre correlee disparition regionale l’espece.Enfin, realise coprolithes d’hyene cavernes. mis en evidence quantites importantes d’ADN nucleaire reconstitue premier complet presence cerf elaphe, Cervus elaphus, permet decrire relation proie-predateur Pleistocene.

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