Shadow economies around the world: novel insights, accepted knowledge, and new estimates

摘要: This paper is a first attempt to study the impact of enforcement on shadow economy. Using MIMIC model, we find that higher share sub-national government employment and aspiration public employees follow rules significantly deter economic activities. Our results also confirm previous findings: Increased burdens taxation regulation as well state “official” economy are important determinants The estimated weighted average informality in 162 countries around world, including developing, Eastern European, Central Asian, high-income OECD countries, 17.1% GDP.