Mangosteen Pericarp and Its Bioactive Xanthones: Potential Therapeutic Value in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Depression with Pharmacokinetic and Safety Profiles.

摘要: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and depression are growing burdens for society globally, partly due to a lack of effective treatments. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.,) pericarp (MP) its xanthones may provide therapeutic advantages these disorders. In this review, we discuss potential value MP-derived agents in AD, PD, with their pharmacokinetic safety profiles. have shown multifunctional effects including neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-neuroinflammatory actions. addition, they target specific pathologies, such as amyloid beta production deposition well cholinergic dysfunction AD; α-synuclein aggregation PD; modulation monoamine disturbance depression. Particularly, the xanthone derivatives, α-mangostin γ-mangostin, exhibit potent pharmacological However, low oral bioavailability poor brain penetration limit applications. These challenges can be overcome part by administering form MP extract (MPE) or using carrier systems. MPE generally safe well-tolerated animals. Furthermore, mangosteen-based products humans. Therefore, bioactive promising candidates treatment Further studies clinical trials essential decipher efficacy, profiles