Extreme temperatures in the adult stage shape delayed effects of larval pesticide stress: a comparison between latitudes

摘要: Global warming and pesticide pollution are major threats for aquatic biodiversity. Yet, how effects influenced by the increased frequency of extreme temperatures under global local thermal adaptation may mitigate these is unknown. We therefore investigated combined impact larval chlorpyrifos exposure, food stress adult heat exposure on a set fitness-related traits in replicated low- high-latitude populations damselfly Ischnura elegans. Larval resulted lighter adults with higher water content, lower fat Hsp70 levels immune function (PO activity). Heat reduced mass, content flying ability. Importantly, both stressors interacted across metamorphosis: lowered reduction generated stronger decrease PO activity pesticide-exposed animals. also defense response to terms levels. In line strong life history differences unstressed control situation, animals were less sensitive (body mass content), but more (development time activity) levels). While low-latitude could better withstand temperature as suggested weaker increase Hsp70, similarly affected delayed at latitudes. Our study highlighted two key findings relevant ecological risk assessment warming. Firstly, damselflies depended upon subsequent indicating that metamorphosis. Secondly, responded differently imposed stressors, highlighting intraspecific evolution along natural gradients shape sensitivity pesticides.