Hardiness: a review of theory and research.

摘要: Although a large body of research on hardiness (a personality construct with dimensions commitment, control, and challenge) has accumulated, several fundamental issues remain unresolved. there are scales, the properties these scales have not been compared. There is debate as to whether one or characteristics. Research studying pathways through which exerts its effects comprehensively evaluated. Whereas critics argued that does buffer stress, others suggested buffers for working adults, males, in prospective analyses. also growing concern related neuroticism. A review literature supports following conclusions: The Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS) advantages over alternative scales; DRS items form three factors consistent theory; generally show low moderate intercorrelations; most common way categorizing subjects high it stress analyses; both old new inadvertently measure Recommendations future provided.