Math Anxiety and the "Math Gap": How Attitudes toward Mathematics Disadvantages Students as Early as Preschool.

摘要: Introduction Achievement in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) disciplines is receiving a great deal of attention research, politics education recently (Latterell, 2005; NAEYC, 2004; National Council for Teachers Mathematics, 2006; Sarama & Clements, 2004). There general consensus on importance to person's future employment possibilities, higher potential improving our national economy. According Research Councils report Adding It Up (Kilpatrick, Swafford, Findell, 2001): ... Today's students will face new demands mathematical proficiency that school mathematics should attempt anticipate. Moreover, realm no longer restricted select few. All young Americans must learn think mathematically, they mathematically (p.1). Other emerging research demonstrating early experiences both at home greatly impact later achievement (Duncan, Ludwig, Magnuson, 2007; Hoekstra, Brekelmans, Beijaard, Korthagen, 2009). The children even before enter Kindergarten can effect their (Roberts, Vukovic, Society on, Educational Effectiveness, 2011). Head Start programs were designed give from lower socioeconomic status families more stimulating childhood environment, which likely not environment (Ludwig Phillips, 2007). aim was provide preschool allow ages 3-5 equal footing economically advantaged peers However, with regards achievement, attitudes towards have huge ability offer environments help succeed (Sloan, 2010). In this current study, 31 head start teachers surveyed about toward classroom practices see how attitude effected decisions teach students. Beginnings Math Anxiety anxiety begins it caused by number intertwining influences (Lyons Beilock, 2012a; Mattarella-Micke, Mateo, Kozak, Foster, Wu, Barth, Amin, Malcame, Menon (2012) demonstrated math primary grade only present as 2nd grade, but had marked detrimental subjects mathematics. Additionally, study showed has pronounced tasks require complex verbal reasoning problem solving rather than numerical operations basic fact retrieval. Krinzinger, Kaufmann, Willmes (2009) also found close relationship between 1st through 3rd graders postulated time when seems first occur. Maloney Beilock(2012) put very clearly stated: Not beginning formal schooling, much younger previously assumed, its development probably tied social factors (e.g. teacher's her own ability) student's spatial competencies --where deficiencies may predispose pick up negative environmental cues math. If these are, parents seem be, anxious less comfortable mathematics, could students' achievement. affect teachers' planning amount content include curriculum (Maloney Beilock 2012). …