Soil survival of Salmonella and transfer to freshwater and fresh produce

摘要: Abstract An increase in human outbreaks caused by Salmonella sp. has been recognised many parts of the world. Outbreaks are increasingly related to consumption fresh produce and an understanding soil survival transfer water needed control salmonellosis. The is most likely associated with better surveillance, greater consumer demand a change production distribution. This review summarises recent literature ecology environment including sources, survival, transport crop contamination. Areas high density animal as risk for contaminating produce, however specific path contamination remains unconfirmed. Suspected sources include improperly composted manure/wastewater, use irrigation vicinity wild animals. Once introduced shown be influenced method introduction, temperature predation protozoa amongst others. Detection environmental samples traditionally measured classical growth dependent methods — these discussed although new molecular based techniques still lack sensitivity compared classic possibilities constantly emerging such mRNA invA gene directly soil. can transferred either through preferential flow paths or surface run-off water. In addition properties this cell size, electric charge hydrophobicity. finally follow several different routes sprinkling splashes during rain events, contaminated cells attached internal colonisation plant cells.