An analysis of gymnastic performance under conditions of practice and spectator observation.

摘要: Abstract After initially practicing a gymnastic routine in the presence of 17 coactors and casual spectators, 45 students class were asked to perform either alone or spectators from another class. One group who performed front was given prior warning impending spectator observation, while no such warning. Although subjects all three conditions tended more poorly during second session, two highly skilled showed greater decrements performance than relatively less subjects. This effect condition condition. The results this study support both an anticipated evaluation audience effects (cf. Cottrell, 4) Broen Storms (2) modification Hull-Spence theory.