Primary energy efficiency of alternative powertrains in vehicles
作者： Max Åhman
DOI: 10.1016/S0360-5442(01)00049-4
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摘要: Abstract This study considers the technical potential concerning energy efficiency attainable for vehicles with alternative powertrains within 10–20 years. The electric (BEVs), hybrid (HEVs) and fuel-cell (FCEVs) is assessed compared improvement in conventional internal combustion engines (ICEVs). Primary measure used this comparison. calculations of primary are based on three different resources: fossil fuels, biomass, electricity from wind, solar or hydropower. shows that there doubling using such as BEVs, HEVs FCEVs, existing ICEVs. All an powertrain have a higher than improved powertrain. No “winner” amongst could be identified point view.
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