Environmental flows: a scientific resource and policy framework for river conservation and restoration (Editorial)

摘要: Freshwater ecosystems and aquatic biodiversity are threatened globally by five pervasive processes – water pollution, flow modification, destruction or degradation of habitat, overexploitation, invasion exotic species (Dudgeon et al., 2006). River impoundment (dams, weirs), diversions consequent modifications to regimes have some the most destructive effects on (Vorosmarty 2010). Altered sediment affect channel floodplain form, riparian systems, freshwater habitats (Bunn Arthington, 2002; Poff Zimmerman, As well as large dams, many human interventions at catchment scale intercept exacerbate overland flows influence hydrology biogeochemistry rivers their floodplains (Allan, 2004). Human activities land surface, in river channels underground disturbed natural resource (water, sediments, nutrients, organic matter) such an extent that systems degraded, is declining rapidly ecosystem services been lost world's basins (Strayer Dudgeon, 2010; Vorosmarty