Graded ferroelectrics: A new class of steady-state thermal/electrical/mechanical energy interchange devices

摘要: Abstract The diffuse-phase-transition class of ferroelectric materials allows the fabrication films graded in composition: consequence which is an attendant gradient electric dipole moment density. Alternating electric-field excitation these structures reveal asymmetrical hysteresis characteristic, together with a static displacement trace. This bias observed to be function level and temperature, leads giant effective pyroelectric coefficient. Said displacement, for example, provides continuous open-circuit voltage, or short-circuit current, provided that structure held isothermal condition. All other combinations heat, electrical strain energies suggest whole new devices, invite ingenious concepts and/or contributions. Graded ferroelectrics, operate on principles bound-charge, are broadly dielectric analogue conductive free-charge devices. F...