Exercise and Regulation of Protein Metabolism

摘要: Skeletal muscles exhibit radical changes in physiology and metabolism response to exercise. While exercise induces highly specific physiological changes, e.g., hypertrophy, associated with weightlifting or oxygen utilization aerobic-type exercises, the foundation of these is driven by summation exercise-induced alterations muscle protein metabolism. Practically, any type stimulates turnover, purpose being both renew, also modify, myocellular composition proteins line adaptations according mechanical metabolic demands imposed. The mechanism(s) which turnover has been subset intense study. These studies have led use stable isotopically labeled amino acids. Essentially, heavier variants (e.g., (13)C AA vs. (12)C) coupled mass spectrometry enabled study dynamic responses Using techniques, it become patently clear that i.e., synthesis (MPS) breakdown (MPB). Moreover, intake nutrients (i.e., dietary proteins) potentiates MPS while attenuating MPB, facilitating maintenance proteostasis adaptation. mechanisms driving include coordinated activation mRNA translation pathways mechanistic target rapamycin) multiple MPB autophagy ubiquitin-proteasome). processes are triggered hormone, auto/paracrine-acting growth factors, transduction, intramyocellular second messenger pathways. Finally, there remains poor understanding how distinct modes resistance endurance) lead such from a molecular standpoint.