Animal models of stroke.

摘要: Stroke is a clinically defined neurological syn-drome characterized by rapidly progressing symp-toms and signs of focal loss cerebral function.Cerebral ischemia invariably underlies the event,and can result in wide range outcomes – fromcomplete recovery/resolution to severe neurolog-ical deficits death. Ischemic stroke majordisease enormous economic burden all de-veloped countries. Although mortality hasdeclined most developed countries over thepast 50 years (primarily as better con-trol primary risk factors, for instance hyperten-sion, diabetes, smoking life-style changes), its prevalence incidence elderly popu-lation has increased steadily. In USA, third leading cause death num-ber one health cost (considering professional opportunities rehabilitation).Overall, about 20% patients having their firststroke die within month and, those alive at sixmonths, are dependent on others.Despite clinical importance, virtually no specificmedical therapy been introduced this dis-ease except thrombolytics (tissue plasminogenactivator, tPA) dissolve blood clots 3 h ofstroke onset (a limitation that leaves .95% thepatients ineligible treatment). It therefore im-portant consider why there failureto discover develop effective therapies forstroke, despite substantial academic indus-trial research efforts. Several plausible reasonscome mind, including: (1) mechanisms ischemic neuronal humans might differsubstantially from studied experimentalsystems (in vitroand vivo); (2) heterogeneousprocesses lead human popu-lation; (3) limited ‘therapeutic window’in hu-mans preclude therapeutic oppor-tunities time become available fortreatment