Characterising natural organic matter in surface waters and the minimisation of disinfection by-product formation

摘要: Modern water treatment processes are necessary to create an adequate and continuous supply of that meets regulatory standards. The presence natural organic matter (NOM) in courses impacts negatively upon aesthetic chemical standards as such requires removal during processes. Variable structural composition sources NOM denote high efficiencies rarely achieved at conventional works (WTW). Poor can result biofilm re-growth distribution systems the formation potentially carcinogenic disinfectant by-products (DBP) trihalomethanes (THM) haloacetic acids (HAA), formed when residual reacts with disinfectants chlorine. NOM characterisation methods were used investigate sixteen surface sites operated by Severn Trent Water Ltd, establish potential links between character carcinogeous DBP, assess DOC using current low pH coagulation. Comparisons made existing identification limitations. HPSEC fluorescence EEM spectroscopy found be reliable practical measures treatability. Statistical analysis techniques discriminant principal component proved essential tools for large data sets, identifying similar raw characteristics highlighted relationships DBP precursors. The suitability carbon isotopes environmental nanoparticles two novel also investigated compared methods. Carbon isotope documented input heavier 13C signatures a decreased percentage modern 14C. Possible causes this addition GAC fines, fractionation 12/13C through or microbial growth on column. Finally, detailed assessment coagulation increased reduction differing profiles was economic river abstraction WTW rapidly changing character. Low substantially increase limit THM, TTHMFP HAAFP identified need process optimisation before alternatives considered.