摘要: How might knowledge of the refrain--of reading's redundancy--help us imagine what it would mean to read topologically instead bibliographically? This essay seeks identify some features that underlie computational approaches reading and how those change our relationship textuality. In privileging a sense dimensionality, topologies invite think not only about visuality reading, but also language's agential nature, as form action rather than expression. restraint, refraining from , move away individualistic models palpable transformational, toward likely, proximate, scalar--from field revolutions one resolution.