Photodegradation of psychiatric pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments--kinetics and photodegradation products.
作者： Vânia Calisto , M. Rosário M. Domingues , Valdemar I. Esteves
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2011.09.008
关键词:
摘要: Benzodiazepines are widely consumed psychiatric pharmaceuticals which frequently detected in the environment. The environmental persistence and fate of these as well their degradation products is high relevance it is, yet, scarcely elucidated. In this study, photodegradation processes on four benzodiazepines (oxazepam, diazepam, lorazepam alprazolam) was investigated. were irradiated under simulated solar irradiation direct indirect (together with three different fractions humic substances) kinetics determined. Lorazepam shown to be quickly photodegradated by radiation, a half-life time lower than one summer sunny day. On contrary, oxazepam, diazepam alprazolam showed highly resistant times 4, 7 228 days, respectively. Apparent rates same order magnitude. However, acids consistently responsible for decrease while fulvic XAD4 fraction caused an enhancement photodegradation. Overall, results highlight that might not efficient pathway prevent aquatic accumulation alprazolam. Also, nineteen identified electrospray mass spectrometry, majority newly photoproducts. This identification crucial more complete understanding impact systems.
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