Strategies for altering the intestinal microbiota of animals.

摘要: In this chapter the term probiotics is used in a broad sense to include use of various different microbes veterinary strategies aimed at manipulation or replacement intestinal microbes. The reduction incidence diarrhea by has frequently been studied because problem utmost importance for farm animals. Neonatal farmhouse animals including piglets often have an insufficiency stomach acid, which first line defense against bacterial invasion. Microbes all types, bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, and protozoans, colonize persist tract Genomic analysis differential gene expression higher organisms greatly facilitated development DNA microarrays. This technology exploited monitor global transcriptional responses colonization germ free mice with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, prominent member normal murine human microbiota. study showed that commensal was able modulate host genes participating diverse fundamental physiological functions, nutrient absorption, mucosal barrier fortification, xenobiotic metabolism, angiogenesis, postnatal maturation. Recent vitro studies suggested can protective effects on cytokine-induced apoptosis permeability changes, attenuate epithelial inflammatory responses, reduce invasion adherence pathogens.