Market Integration and Regional Inequality in Spain, 1860-1930

摘要: IN ENGLISH:This thesis represents an attempt to examine the evolution and causes of regional inequality in Spain during early stages economic development, period which integration domestic market was completed Spanish economy going through industrialization. With this objective, research adopts a New Economic Geography (NEG) approach. This theoretical framework aims analyse distribution activity across space it appears be particularly suitable for study from historical perspective (Krugman, 1991).After reviewing NEG literature, both empirical, accessibility becomes key variable understand where production takes place, first step is construction two databases that are essential empirical analysis following chapters. Firstly, GDP estimates at provincial level obtained standard methodology developed by Geary Stark (2002) years 1860, 1900, 1914 1930. At second stage, availability figures allows constructing potential using Harris (1954) equation (Crafts, 2005). The results suggest brought about significant changes relative provinces. In particular, has been stressed railway network subsequent fall transport costs triggered polarised geographical pattern with clearly differentiated groups coastal provinces (plus Madrid) showed higher than their inland counterparts.More importantly, indicator access analyses undertaken next First, focus placed on industrial sector. exercise conducted chapter 4 disentangle factors lie behind intense process spatial concentration recorded Spain's industry between mid-19th century Civil War (1936-1939). To do this, model combines comparative advantage line Heckscher-Ohlin model, NEG-type mechanisms estimated (Midelfart-Knarvik et al., 2002). show century, determined advantage. However, when began concentrate limited number provinces, evidence favour effects found. case, main driving force location interaction increasing returns.Once impact confirmed industry, aim 5 whether geography also had influence more aggregate level, income per capita considered. so doing, strategy Ottaviano Pinelli (2006), growth literature (Barro Sala-i-Martin, 1991) combined, applied case. Conditioned regressions estimated, i.e., rates regressed customary proximate sources set explanatory variables (wider influences) include, among others, nature (a la Sachs) Krugman) variables. half 19th came pure geography. Then, decades 20th there positive relationship growth, as some recent cross-country studies within have demonstrated (Redding Venables, 2004). light these can concluded role needs considered long term.