Advances in quaternary ammonium biocides

摘要: Several generations of structurally variable quaternary ammonium biocides were developed from approximately 1935 until the present. Demand for products with improved microbiological performance guided each successive step development. Commercial availability dialkyl dimethyl chlorides in 1965 set stage significant advances biocide practices USA and Europe. This trend is continuing today development new, fourth-generation biocides. Regulatory requirements by US Environmental Protection Agency (organic soil tolerance) specific consumer/marketing demands (hard water provided a renewed challenge quaternaries meeting those requirements. Development properties challenges are discussed. Some functional advantages outlined. has led to demonstrating significantly superior broad spectrum biocidal activity, specifically designed meet new organic hard contamination. Strong market gains, made over recent past, have been primarily as result type work described herein, but some gains usage can be ascribed concern adverse toxicological environmental impact other traditional such phenolics aldehydes. The outlook continued increase use modern-day encouraging.