Towards an integrated multi-track climate framework

摘要: With the approach of 2012, and expiration initial greenhouse gas targets under Kyoto Protocol, governments are grappling with how best to advance international climate effort in years beyond. One way characterizing many different proposals put forward by governments, experts, advocates is terms where they fall along a certain continuum: Towards one end so-called "bottom-up" approaches, which envision as an aggregation nationally defined programs countries on strictly voluntary basis. At other "top-down" negotiate explicit binding commitments that turn shape drive national policies. This paper suggests middle course, seeks introduce flexibility while retaining cohesion reciprocity "top-down." We call this integrated multi-track approach. In approach, all major economies enter into aimed at reducing or moderating their (GHG) emissions, but type commitment varies. For example, some have economy-wide emission targets, Kyoto, others commit implement policies such efficiency standards, renewable energy measures reduce deforestation. Some, addition, could participate sectoral agreements addressing emissions from particular sectors.