Doping mechanism and permittivity correlations in Nd-doped BaTiO3

摘要: BaTiO3 forms an extensive range of solid solutions with Nd2O3 by means the double substitution mechanism: Ba + Ti ⇒ 2Nd, as shown both a phase diagram study and Rietveld refinement using powder neutron diffraction data. The have general formula Ba1-xTi1-xNd2xO3Odxd0.12 at 1300°C O dxd 1400°C. With increasing x, symmetry changes from tetragonal to cubic x∼ 0.09. sharp permittivity maximum ∼127°C in stoichiometric broadens very rapidly x gradually moves lower temperatures: this appears be because, Nd onto sites, formation ferroelectric domains is increasingly difficult because presence dipole-inactive Nd3+ ions on sites.