Deuterium and Tritium

摘要: Deuterium (2H or D) the heavier, stable isotope of hydrogen (1H) occurs in nature, and is always present all hydrogen-containing compounds. oxide, known as heavy water, most important deuterium compound. Heavy water differs from ordinary structure liquid phase, nuclear spin, ionic equilibria, various spectroscopic properties. Kinetic effects occur chemical reactions involving bond rupture H D. This effect exchange between sulfide basis for separation process large-scale production. Infrared absorption method choice analysis water. has far-reaching biological effects, it possible to grow living organisms which normally replaced by deuterium. The properties are such that efficient neutron moderator fission reactors. also fusion technology. Tritium (3H T) heaviest hydrogen. Unlike deuterium, T undergoes radioactive decay (B−, ∼ 12 yr half-life). Thus compounds experience radiation damage at elevated tritium levels. Tritium produced cosmic rays higher atmosphere, capture lithium–aluminum alloy can be purified distillation, thermal diffusion, diffusion through palladium-silver-nickel membranes, chromatography on coated molecular sieves. widely used a tracer biology experiments. key element fusion, energy controlled with deuterium. Keywords: deuterium; tritium; isotopes; heavy hydrogen; heavy water; neutron moderator; superconductivity; deuterium fusion; nuclear fusion; tracers; nuclear magnetic resonance