Invasion windows for a global legume invader are revealed after joint examination of abiotic and biotic filters.

摘要: Successful alien plant invasion is influenced by both climate change and plant-plant interactions. We estimate the single interactive effects of competition extreme weather events on performance global legume invader Lupinus polyphyllus (Lindl.). In three experimental studies we assessed (i) stress tolerance seedling adult L. polyphyllus plants against (drought, fluctuating precipitation, late frost), (ii) competitive native grassland species vice versa, (iii) L. polyphyllus. Drought reduced growth led to early senescence but did not reduce survival. Fluctuating precipitation frost length inflorescences. Under control conditions, interspecific photosynthetic activity When subjected during drought, conserved water while simultaneously maintaining high assimilation rates, demonstrating increased use efficiency. Meanwhile, had under drought. summary, gained an advantage drought conditions through a smaller reduction in relative its competitors was competitively inferior conditions. This provides evidence for possible window this species. While regions elevation or latitude with regular severe might remain inaccessible L. polyphyllus, further spread across Europe seems probable as predicted increase may favour non-native over