Edge gradients provide evidence of ecological interactions in planktonic thin layers

摘要: Physical, optical, and acoustical data from Monterey Bay, California, USA, describing the distributions of phytoplankton, zooplankton, small fish as well gradients in physical habitat were used to examine interactions between vertically compressed plankton structures (thin layers), their consumers, local forces they experience. The relationship upper lower edge a layer define ‘shape’. steepness vertical gradient on top vs. bottom was correlated difference relative abundance consumers above below layer. Phytoplankton steeper when more zooplankton present one side other while layers diffuse greater number adjacent than other. Both types showed nearly symmetrical predators low or absent. Predator-associated differences phytoplankton shape not with shear mixing potential surrounding layers. In absence strong gradients, grazers can play an important role structuring thin These observations likely represent end continuum biological forcing responsible for formation maintenance