Animal Models for Basic and Preclinical Research in Bladder Cancer

摘要: Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in world. In 2006, there were about 61,240 diagnosed cases bladder and approximately 13,060 deaths attributable to this disease, being prevalence estimated worldwide more than 1,000,000 patients (Jemal et al., 2006; Lerner, 2005). Taking into account that its incidence seems be increasing, clearly a significant public health issue around Thus, it necessary intensify research on topic. Urinary originates mainly from epithelial cells urothelium (LopezBeltran 2004; Montironi When initially diagnosed, (about 70%) do not present muscle invasion, are thus known as non-muscle invasive (pTa pT1). these cases, simple transurethral resection sufficient remove tumor. However, some experience recurrence or even tumor progression. The progression involves invasion cells, which penetrate deeper layers such detrusor (pT2), perivesical tissue (pT3) extravesical organs (pT4) (Figure 1). Since threatens patient's life, aggressive therapies (Sobin 1997). Intensive cancer, well tumors, carried out elucidate reason for appearance find factors involved their development related process. These investigations, provide insights biology tumor, essential implementation new therapeutic and/or preventive modalities (Bhattacharya 2010; Zhang 2011). Research basic science focused mechanisms lead towards transformation using experimental models where easier interpret results. Cell culture techniques widely used study different oncological processes. cell growth any type, usually with nutrient-containing solutions. grow attached plastic surface, forming monolayer, two-dimensional way. This technique allows studying processes mutagenesis, migration, production proteolytic enzymes. Although very important tool, has certain limitations. Many biological depend three-dimensional architecture. addition, monolayer