Glycine and glycine receptor signaling in hippocampal neurons: Diversity, function and regulation

摘要: Glycine is a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and brainstem. It acts at glycine receptor (GlyR)-chloride channels, as well co-agonist of NMDA receptors (NMDARs). In hippocampus, study GlyRs has largely been under-appreciated due to apparent absence glycinergic synaptic transmission. Emerging evidence shown presence extrasynaptic which exert tonic role, can be highly regulated under many pathophysiological conditions. On other hand, besides d-serine, also modulate NMDAR function hippocampus. The simultaneous activation excitatory NMDARs may provide homeostatic regulation hippocampal network function. Furthermore, regulate neuronal activity through GlyR-mediated cross-inhibition GABAergic inhibition, or binding site-dependent internalization NMDARs. Therefore, its operate concert finely hippocampus-dependent high brain such learning memory. Finally, dysfunction signaling associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. We speculate that further studies glycine-mediated help develop novel glycine-based approaches for therapeutic developments.