Beyond marine paper parks? Regulation theory to assess and address environmental non-compliance

摘要: Many marine protected areas (MPAs) around the world are ‘paper parks’. A key factor contributing to their ineffectiveness is non-compliance with rules in place. This paper contributes existing academic discussion on parks’ by drawing critical regulation scholarship develop a theoretical framework assess and address compliance gaps MPAs. The insights then explored using case study of second largest Italian MPA (the ‘Penisola del Sinis-Isola di Mal Ventre’), employing multidisciplinary perspective built both biological socio-legal expertise. The consists review including unpublished data resources coupled new analyses effects sea urchin harvesting restrictions. The research analysis primary qualitative form semi-structured interviews conducted stakeholders at local regional level 2014, followed two workshops (one one general public) 2015 discuss findings collectively. The results show that Sinis not achieving its conservation goals, primarily because actors' rules. reveal number interlinked social, normative calculative motivations basis non-compliance. Policy solutions offered. This offers novel may be applicable other MPAs experiencing similar issues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.