The impact of human land use and landscape productivity on population dynamics of red fox in southeastern Norway

摘要: In the boreal forest, red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a key species due to its many strong food web linkages and exploitation of niches that form in wake human activities. Recent altitudinal range expansion perceived population increase have become topics concern Scandinavia, primarily potential impacts foxes on both prey competitor species. However, despite it being common species, there still surprisingly little knowledge about temporal spatial characteristics dynamics. this study, we synthesized 12 years snow-track transect data covering 27,000-km2 study area identify factors associated with distribution Using Bayesian hierarchical regression models, evaluated relationships landscape productivity climate gradients as well anthropogenic subsidies an index size growth rates. We found landscapes high settlement density large amounts gut piles from moose (Alces alces) hunting were higher abundances. Population dynamics characterized by direct density-dependent growth, structure dependence was best explained amount agricultural land landscape. equilibrium levels increased, populations more stable, areas presence lands, whereas prominent low presence. conclude use dominant driver forest. encourage further research focusing contrasting effects subsidization predator carrying capacities stability,