Astroglial Modulation of Hydromineral Balance and Cerebral Edema.

摘要: Maintenance of hydromineral balance (HB) is an essential condition for life activity at cellular, tissue, organ and system levels. This has been considered as a function the osmotic regulatory that focuses on hypothalamic vasopressin (VP) neurons, which can reflexively release VP into brain blood to meet demand HB. Recently, astrocytes have emerged component in addition functioning regulator HB cellular tissue Astrocytes express all components osmoreceptors, including aquaporins, molecules extracellular matrix, integrins transient receptor potential channels, with operational dynamic range allowing them detect respond changes, perhaps more efficiently than neurons. The resultant responses, i.e., astroglial morphological functional plasticity supraoptic paraventricular nuclei, be conveyed, physically chemically, adjacent thereby influencing level. In addition, astrocytes, particularly those circumventricular organs, are involved not only VP-mediated regulation, but also regulation other osmolality-modulating hormones, natriuretic peptides angiotensin. Thus, play role local/brain systemic adaptive astrocytic reactions challenges associated signaling events related expression glial fibrillary acidic protein aquaporin 4 promote cell survival repair. However, prolonged stress initiate inflammatory apoptotic processes, leading dysfunction variety diseases. Among many diseases injury disorders, cytotoxic cerebral edemas most common pathological manifestation. Hyponatremia cause edema. Overly fast correction hyponatremia could lead central pontine myelinolysis. Ischemic stroke exemplifies this review, we summarize analyze osmosensory functions their implications