Mammalian LINE-1 Retrotransposons and Related Elements

摘要: This chapter emphasises on the studies that have focused understanding mechanism of L1 retrotransposition, which were conducted since publication Mobile DNA in 1989. In addition, when appropriate similarities and differences between retrotransposition mechanisms long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1s or L1s), closely related L1-like elements, more distantly non-LTR retrotransposons, are discussed. The majority Cin4 variably 5’ truncated, rearranged, mutated. basic structural features these nonautonomous retrotransposons introduced chapter. cultured cell assay also has yielded unexpected information about retrotransposition. First, cells, 5 to 10% new events occurs into introns actively transcribed genes. Second, because L1s can be considered processed pseudogenes, pA signal lacks conserved normally reside downstream poly(A) addition site canonical RNA polymerase II signals. Finally, most it is possible many transduction not detected they completely lack sequences. However, biochemical data argue ORF1 binds particular A-rich sequences with relatively high affinity ORF1p abundant than ORF2p. We just beginning realize consequences human genome. Clearly, a mutagen. Moreover, abundance L1s, likely provide scaffolds for illegitimate recombination, may contribute genome instability seen tumors.