Attention and Self-Regulation : A Control-Theory Approach to Human Behavior

摘要: I. Background.- 1. Introduction.- A Statement of Intentions.- Organizational Plan.- 2. Cybernetics, Information, and Control.- Information.- Levels Classification Input.- Negative Feedback Loop TOTE Unit.- Organizations Among Loops.- Positive Hierarchical Organization Time Scales.- Section Summary.- Applications to Living Systems.- Homeostasis.- Adaptation-Level Theory.- Behavior Regulation.- Control, Personality-Social Psychology.- 3. Focus Attention, Inside Outside the Laboratory.- Defining Terms.- Attention.- Self-Focus Environment Focus.- Maintaining Distinction.- Varying Attention in Research.- General Issues Research Strategy.- Experimental Manipulations Individual Differences.- Manipulations: Their Nature Timing.- Self-Attention.- Validation.- Differences Self-Focus.- Convergence Manipulation Disposition.- Validity.- Private Public Self-Awareness.- Beyond Naturalistic Variations Attentional Environment.- Self.- Conclusion.- II. Information Use Recognitory Schemas.- 4. Cognitive Theory: Schemas, Attributes, Decision Biases.- Models Abstraction.- Instance Theories.- Prototype Frequency-Distribution Schemas Prototypes.- Abstraction: Some Additional Issues.- Hierarchy Attribute Qualities.- Frames Scripts.- Making.- Biases 5. on Environment: Perception Places Persons.- Behavioral Settings Environmental Taxonomies.- Person Perception.- Traits as Determinants Initial Category Placement.- Consequences Sequences.- Segmenting Units.- 6. Self: Self-Aspects.- Trait Self Encoding.- Component Degrees Schematicity.- Access Encoding by Self-Reference.- Activation Schema.- Attribution.- Internal States: Emotions Symptoms.- Three Sources Influence Perceived States.- Impact Each Element Subjective Experience.- Symptom Distress.- Evoked By-Passing Awareness.- III. Motivation.- 7. Standards Behavior.- Standards.- What is a Standard?.- Categorization Specification Conceptual Physical.- Execution Distinctions Within Levels.- Programs, Principles, Consciousness.- Effects Attending Well-Learned Closing Comment.- 8. Discrepancy Reduction.- Duval Wicklund's The Comparison Present State Versus Standard.- Self-Awareness Seeking.- Self-Consciousness Seeking Diagnostic Conclusions Boundary Condition.- Matching Nonprovoked Aggression.- Responses Erotica.- Children's Enlargement.- Reactance.- Self-Attention, Reactance, Reference Groups.- Loop.- Social Comparison: Theoretical Integration.- 9. Absence Regulation, Misregulation.- Causes.- Deindividuation Remaining Regarding Related Ilustrations from Medicine.- Illustrations from.- IV. Interruption, Expectancy Reassertion-Withdrawal Decision.- 10. Interrupting Loop, Role Expectancy.- Interruption System: An Example.- Response Interruption: Assessment Outcome Bases Expectancies.- Prior Success Failure.- Other for Judgments.- Consequences.- Relationship Affective 11. Research: Persistence Task Performance.- Early Avoidance Self-Focusing Stimul.- Selective Exposure Subsequent Concerning Flexibility Discrepancy.- Expectancies: Withdrawal.- Self-Consciousness, Outcomes, Persistence.- Self-Esteem, Self-Awareness, Relevance, Efficacy Links Between Cognition Emotion Achievement.- Attributions, Expectancy, Achievement Attribution, Maze 12. Anxiety-Related Self-Attention Fear.- Phobic Standards, Expectancies, Fear, Approach-Withdrawal Test Anxiety.- Anxiety, Self-Focus, Facilitation Comparisons.- Theories Self-Efficacy.- 13. Issues: Motivation, Helplessness, Egotism.- Atkinson's Formulation.- Model.- Causal Attributions.- Helplessness.- Reassertion Giving Up.- Behavior, Affect.- Egotism Self-Esteem Maintenance.- Control Theory Effect Difficulty.- Similarities Protection: or Private?.- V. Implications Specific Problems Personality 14. Self-Report Measurement.- Specificity Insufficient Sampling Inconsistency.- Problems.- Veridicality Self-Reports.- Direct Experience Attitude Formation.- Relevance Attitudes Attitudes.- Types Self-Report.- 15. Facilitation.- Drive Alternative Comparisons Evidence Mediating with Drive.- Palmar Sweat Results Discussion.- Questions.- Interference.- Manipulations.- Physiological Patterning.- 16. Selves.- Self-Completion, Self-Presentation?.- Areas.- Self, Selves?.- Aspects Implications.- Consciousness Selves Compliance Setting.- Reactions Coercion.- Expression Privately Held Opinions.- Reinterpreting Self-Monitoring.- Summary, Critique, 17. Dissonance.- Self-Aspects Tests Public-Private Analysis.- Dissonance Dissonance, Impression Management?.- VI. 18. Afterword: Meta-Theory.- Changes Learning Paradigm.- Meta-Theoretical Reinforcement.- References.- Author Index.