Role of Microorganisms in Remediation of Contaminated Soil

摘要: Starting from the mining of raw materials to production, transportation, use by end users, disposal or accidental spills chemicals often contaminate soil extent that threaten health human life, livestock, wildlife and indeed whole ecosystems. Traditional methods cleanup decontaminate are expensive, labour intensive, do not always ensure pollutants completely removed destroyed result in abrupt changes physical, chemical, biological characteristics treated soil. Use microorganism have shown promises remediation contaminated with heavy metals radionuclide, organic compounds including chlorinated solvents like TCE; explosives such as TNT, RDX; petroleum hydrocarbons PAHs; PCBs pesticides atrazine organophosphates. Aesthetically pleasing cleaning methodology, minimal disruption preservation top soil, usefulness treating broad range environmental contaminants low cost (60–80% even less costly than conventional methods) advantages associated microorganisms mediated technology so it has gained increasing attention over past 15 years. The review focuses on an overview various physico-chemical used earlier for purposes, what bioremediation techniques nowadays how works; finally future perspectives conclusion.