Regenerative medicine and organ transplantation: past, present, and future.

摘要: This overview traces the history of regenerative medicine pertinent to organ transplantation, illustrates potential clinical applications reported date, and highlights progress achieved in field complex modular engineering. Regenerative can now produce relatively simple tissues such as skin, bladders, vessels, urethras, upper airways, whereas engineering or generation organs remains a major challenge. Ex vivo may benefit from complementary investigations fields developmental biology stem cells transplantation before its full be realized.