Contamination, health risk, mineralogical and morphological status of street dusts- case study: Erbil metropolis, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

摘要: Abstract Street dusts contamination by heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their mineralogical morphological properties were investigated in Erbil metropolis. A total of 43 soil street dust samples collected analyzed, SPSS, ImageJ, X-powder positive matrix factorization (PMF) software used for data analyzing. Results showed the role geology status dusts. Based on ImageJ processing, particles with diameters below 10 μm low circularity roundness dominant. The enrichments Hg, Cu, Pb Zn contents observed compare calculated local geochemical baselines geoaccumulation index, while, Ni, Co Cr categorized as particularly unpolluted. However, Cu highest ecological risk ( E j i ) values among studied elements, 25.80%, 25.80% 12.90% classified very high, moderate considerable potential risks, respectively. Hazard index (HI) followed decreasing order Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > Hg > Zn > Co, ingestion was main exposure route children. concentrations individual PAHs ranged from 1.06 to 1000 ng/g, dominance 3 4-ring compounds. Also, non-carcinogenic higher than carcinogenic compounds toxic equivalents (TEQs) 22.30 246.92 ng/g, a max value Northern industrial zone. Finally, source identification using multivariate statistics PMF introduced three HMs sources study area including geogenic, traffic industries, incinerators (mainly medical wastes).