作者: Rianne J.M. Lammers , Richard J. Sylvester , Cheryl T. Lee , J. Alfred Witjes
DOI: 10.1016/J.UCL.2013.01.002
关键词:
摘要: The natural history of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in individual patients can be unpredictable. Although there are known clinical and molecular factors associated with tumor recurrence progression, it is challenging to reconcile these data during a typical patient encounter within busy clinic. authors discuss the European Organization for Research Treatment Cancer's risk tables along other models predicting prognosis NMIBC. also describe their advantages disadvantages barriers using daily practice provide future perspective on prognostic models.