Regeneration of axons in the visual system.

作者: Barbara Lorber , Ann Logan , Michael Douglas , Martin Berry , Zubair Ahmed

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摘要: This review will describe the unique advantages that are offered by visual system of mammals and other vertebrates for studying regenerative responses central nervous (CNS) to injury, recent insights provided such studies. In mouse rat a variety experimental paradigms promote survival retinal ganglion cells (RGC) optic nerve regeneration, probably through stimulation neurotrophic factors (NTF) either directly, or indirectly astrocyte/Muller cell intermediary activation. NTF induce disinhibition axon growth regulated intramembranous proteolysis p75NTR, inactivation RhoA EGFR signalling. The concomitant release metalloproteinases (MMP) plasminogen activators from RGC axons, tissue inhibitors glia repress scarring thereby reduce titres scar-derived inhibitory ligands expressed in wound. MMP also degrade myelin-derived along regenerating trajectories after at growing front axons. Optic transection induces apoptosis which is blocked anti-apoptotic regimes thus, combination with blockers axon-growth signalling promoters may be therapeutic formula promoting sustained regeneration. All these findings translatable CNS as whole thus strategies successfully regeneration equally effective elsewhere CNS. Future developments likely advance field research include greater understanding phylogenetic differences response role NTF, cAMP, EGFR, glia/neuron interactions disinhibiting growth, control neuron death, drug delivery.

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