Population dynamics in a long-lived seabird: I. Impact of breeding activity on survival and breeding probability in unbanded king penguins.

摘要: Understanding the trade-off between current reproductive effort, future survival and breeding attempts is crucial for demographic analyses life history studies. We investigated this in a population of king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) marked individually with transponders using multistate capture-recapture models. This colonial seabird species has low annual proportion non-breeders (13%), despite cycle which lasts over 1 year. To draw inferences about consequences non-breeding, we tested an effect activity on probability subsequent breeding. found that birds non-breeding year t show same rate as breeders (two-states analysis: non-breeding). However, had lower again following negative phenotypic correlation suggests existence costs affecting probability, but it might also be strengthened by late arrival courtship t. A three-state analysis including success revealed failed have to reproduce successfully + than t, providing some evidence costs. Moreover, successful showed higher probability. positive reproduction supports hypothesis heterogeneity individual quality. Males breed females, suggesting sex. Such additional due male parental investment final phase chick-rearing, delays males 1, decreases their Our study first explore biology demography without disturbance flipper-bands.