Apomorphine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: a review

摘要: Optimizing idiopathic Parkinson's disease treatment is a challenging, multifaceted and continuous process with direct impact on patients' quality of life. The basic tenet this task entails tailored therapy, allowing for optimal motor function the fewest adverse effects. Apomorphine, dopamine agonist used as rescue therapy patients fluctuations, potential positive effects nonmotor symptoms, only antiparkinsonian agent whose capacity to control symptoms comparable that levodopa. Subcutaneous administration, either an intermittent injection or infusion, appears be most effective tolerable route. This review summarizes historical background, structure, mechanism action, indications, contraindications side effects, compares apomorphine infusion other treatments, such oral deep brain stimulation enteral levodopa/carbidopa gel, gives practical instructions how initiate treatment.