Spatio-temporal trends and trade-offs in ecosystem services: An Earth observation based assessment for Switzerland between 2004 and 2014

摘要: Understanding and monitoring pressures on ecosystems their consequences for ecosystem services (ES) is essential management decisions verification of progress towards national international policies (e.g. Aichi Biodiversity Targets, Sustainable Development Goals). Remote sensing (RS) offers a unique capability to assess ES systematically regularly across spatial temporal scales. We aim evaluate the benefits RS monitor spatio-temporal variations by assessing several in Switzerland between 2004 2014. coupled mechanistic models data estimate time series three regulating (i.e. carbon dioxide regulation (CO₂R), soil erosion prevention (SEP), air quality (AQR)) one cultural (re- creational hiking (RH)). The resulting were used changes, trade-offs sy- nergies potential supply flow Resulting trends showed diverse patterns with largest changes CO₂R AQR. interactions revealed scale elevation dependency. identified weak strong synergies all combinations except CO₂R–AQR AQR–RH at Swiss scale. Spatially, hetero- geneous mix within Switzerland. Our results demonstrate strength systematic regular contribute insights large RS, which will be extended future Earth observation missions. Derived spatially explicit information facilitate decision-making landscape planning conservation allow examining environmental policies.