Norway's rule on Svalbard : tightening the grip on the Arctic islands

摘要: Over the last four decades, Norwegian rule on Svalbard islands has developed gradually, from being virtually non-existent to firm. This study explains these developments in jurisdiction both a perspective of international relations and within paradigm domestic politics. It finds that external forces have been permissive causes change, while internal represent efficient causes. Norway's incremental strengthening jurisdiction, notably mid-1970s onward, resulted an unprecedented grip Arctic which other parties 1920 Treaty seemingly acquiesce.