Energy/Environmental Modeling with the MARKAL Family of Models
作者： Ad J. Seebregts , Gary A. Goldstein , Koen Smekens
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-50282-8_10
关键词:
摘要: This article presents an overview and a flavour of almost two decades MARKAL model developments selected applications. The family models has been contributing to energy/environmental planning since the early J980’s. Under auspices International Energy Agency’s (IEA) Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP) started as linear programming (LP) application focused strictly on integrated assessment energy systems. It was followed by non-linear (NLP) formulation which combines ‘bottom-up’ technology with ‘top-down’ simplified macro-economic model. In recent years, enlarged members material flows, employ stochastic (SP) address future uncertainties, endogenous learning using mixed integer (MIP) techniques, multiple regions (NLP/LP).
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