The Dialogue Between Voltaire And Rousseau On The Lisbon Earthquake: The Emergence Of A Social Science View

摘要: Disasters are usually identified as having occurred at a particular time and place, but they also occur in human history within specific social cultural context. Consequently, it is appropriate to call the Lisbon earthquake first modern disaster (Dynes, 1999). Certainly, earlier records many instances of geophysical events differences among such were typically explained by variations their physical intensity. However, place which made part debate over modernity. Its location Europe topic intellectual debates times. These had greater impact on changing context than intensity might imply. The when there strains between tradition new ideas about progress. It was traditional institutions being challenged, nation states created, rivalries led tensions conflict. Further, bonds religious authority challenged growing enthusiasm for freedom reason. major political institutional shifts reflected meanings that assigned earthquake.