Dynamic Mitochondria, their Fission and Fusion in Higher Plants

摘要: In addition to their physiological importance, mitochondria are one of the most dynamic organelles in a cell. Mitochondria move around, stop, shake, divide and fuse with each other Their shape is polymorphic even within an individual cell constantly changing, different from (Suzuki et al. 1992; Bereiter-Hahn Voth 1994; Logan Leaver 2000). Unlike fungal animal which reticular shape, plant usually smaller particles more numerous. Tobacco BY-2 cells ideal model material for study at least three reasons. First, they easily stained fluorescent reagents such as MitoTracker Orange (Molecular Probes) (Fig. 1A). Second, can be spread out single layer on surface cover slip do not form large aggregates. This quite important observing clearly under themicroscope. Third, remain alive relatively long time (for 2 days), allows monitoring behavior organelles. Each has several hundred These small grains around vividly 1B) probably transported along actin filaments (Olyslaegers Verbelen 1998; Van Gestel 2002). New technologies, especially use fluorescently labeled proteins, advanced microscopes have made it possible observe mitochondrial dynamics living cells. Over past decade, these techniques led identification many genes related yeasts animals considerable clarification mechanisms. Genetic studies yeast began early 1990s. McCornell (1990) isolated temperature-sensitive mutants budding (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). were designatedmdm because altered distribution morphology. Later compiled than 40 mdm (Hermann 1997; Sesaki Jensen 1999; Fekkes 2000;Mozdy 2000; Tieu andNunnari Dimmer 1999, two groups discovered that common was determined dynamically by balance between antagonistic functions GTPase Dnm1p Fzo1p,