Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Associated MicroRNAs in Intercellular Communication: One Cell's Trash Is Another Cell's Treasure.

摘要: Several non-protein-coding genomic regions, previously marked as “junk DNA”, have been reported to be transcriptionally active, giving rise non-coding RNA species implicated in fundamental biological and pathological processes. In particular, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small RNAs mediating post-transcriptional gene silencing, are causally involved several human diseases, including various cancer types. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) membranous structures physiologically released by most cell Initially, they were considered “waste-removal” mechanism, through which cells could dispose unnecessary material organelles. It is now widely demonstrated that EVs also play critical role intercellular communication, the horizontal transfer lipids, proteins, genetic material. A paradigm shift biology miRNAs was represented discovery EVs, especially from cells, contain miRs. EV-associated miRs act autocrine, paracrine endocrine factors, participating pathogenesis modulating communication. Noteworthy, these formerly neglected molecules next generation “theranostic” tools, with strong clinical relevance. this review, we aim summarize recent findings regarding development novel anti-neoplastic diagnostic therapeutic approaches.