Genetics of reproduction and regulation of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) social behavior

摘要: Honeybees form complex societies with a division of labor for reproduction, nutrition, nest construction and maintenance, defense. How does it evolve? Tasks performed by worker honeybees are distributed in time space. There is no central control over behavior there genome on which selection can act effect adaptive change. For 22 years, we have been addressing these questions selecting single social trait associated nutrition: the amount surplus pollen (a source protein) that stored combs nest. Forty-two generations revealed changes at biological levels extending from society down to level gene. We show how constructed this vertical understanding evolution using behavioral anatomical analyses, physiology, genetic mapping, gene knockdowns. map out phenotypic architectures food storage foraging they linked through broad epistasis pleio...